Alcohol Abuse A Serious Problem For The Restaurant Industry

Alcohol Abuse in the Restaurant Industry Alcohol abuse presents a serious problem for the restaurant industry. Restaurant sales now top $700 million annually (National Restaurant Industry, 2015). An enormous commercial enterprise wherein its employees interact with alcoholic beverages frequently sees many of its workers engage in the use and abuse of the substance. The problem creates issues for the businesses, the people who work in the field, and the customers who dine in restaurants. The prevalence of the problem and the issues that it creates require a thorough investigation. Prevalence of the Problem The abuse of alcohol by employees presents a significant problem for the restaurant industry. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the restaurant industry has the highest rate of alcohol abuse of any profession, with 15.2% of employees reporting an instance of heavy drinking in the past month. The national average for all professions is 8.8% (SAMHSA, 2007). Other studies reveal an even direr picture. In a study of 1286 restaurant employees, researchers found that 85.5% of the participants reported excessive drinking during non-work hours. Additionally, 36.5% of respondents indicated working with a hangover at least once, and problem drinking behaviors were found in 80% of males and 64% of females (Moore, Ames, Duke, and Cunradi, 2012). Researchers in Sweden posit two possible explanations for the prevalenceShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse In The Restaurant Industry By Brittany Bronson846 Words   |  4 Pagestroubled family issue s. Drugs and alcohol, most commonly referred to as â€Å"substance abuse†, is found to be the most common addiction. In an article written by author Brittany Bronson, the idea is presented that the restaurant industry is home to many victims dealing with this addiction. Although substance abuse weighs on the shoulders of its prey, Bronson effectively uses the appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos to argue that the restaurant industry leads to substance abuse due to long shifts and lack ofRead MoreDrunk Driving Essay examples863 Words   |  4 Pagespurchase alcohol everywhere. There are a lot of retail shops, bars, restaurants for us to buy alcohol. In the developing countries as Vietnam and China, people can purchase alcohol at any age. That’s the opportunity for the industry of alcohol develops and contribute the nation’s income. However, the negative effect of alcohol to security very seriously and it kills the young generations if the government doesn’ t offer tough measures . While I was in Vietnam, I often went to restaurants for lunchRead MoreEssay on Arguments For and Against a Smoking Ban1426 Words   |  6 Pages and in combination with cannabis and marijuana in joints. Although most countries put age restrictions on its use, over a billion adults smoke tobacco legally every day, and supplying this demand is big business. As well as having serious health consequences for smokers themselves, the pollution of other peoples atmospheres with cigarette smoke also makes this an environmental issue. Attitudes have changed rapidly over the past twenty years. In the developed world, public Read MoreThe Negative Impact of American Prohibition1632 Words   |  7 Pagesand exciting era for women. Also, a general relaxation of standards after the stressful years of WWII. (Prohibition.) Prohibition in the 20’s was also called the â€Å"Noble Experiment† by many, because it was America’s first try at the prohibition of alcohol on a national level that many people didn’t agree with. Prohibition has changed America by changing the way people live, and setting the foundation for organized crime in America. â€Å"The last day before the taps ran dry, the streets of San FranciscoRead MoreHuman Trafficking Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagestrafficking per 800 victims (UNGIFT). By looking at straight statistics, reasons human trafficking happens, and the toll it has on people, it is very clear that this is a major issue that is happening in our world. Human trafficking is a worldwide problem. From California to Australia, it happens. â€Å"161 countries are reported to be affected by human trafficking by being either a source, transit, or destination count. Out of the 161 countries, 56% of those are in Asia and the Pacific, being the numberRead MoreIllegal Drug Use And Prostitution2565 Words   |  11 Pagesand 1930s, alcohol was an illegal drug; now it is not and is arguably the most dangerous and abused substance in America (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Yet, many who condemn legalizing marijuana have no plans to re-enter prohibition on alcohol. Intoxicating substances have been used for religious, medicinal, and recreational purposes all throughout history. Governments have repeatedly tried to prevent the abuse of these substances but unfortunately the drug problem today is massiveRead MoreUsing Vaporizing Pens Are Becoming A Very Popular Trend Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesreleased. There also aren’t any laws or regulations on vapor pens like there are for traditional cigarettes. Vape pens also aren’t being used for just smoking nicotine. They are often used to smoke other types of drugs. Vaporizing pens are causing a serious problem and I have a few solutions on how to fix this rising issue. The emergence of electronic cigarettes or vape pens has given cannabis smokers a new method of inhaling marijuana. Cannabis users can discretely â€Å"vape† deodorized cannabis extractsRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Affects Our Society1836 Words   |  8 PagesPart 3 Alcohol, from the time of our forefathers, has been in our society and the abuse of alcohol as became more aggressive and damaging than ever. Alcohol abuse affects our society from infancy to late adulthood and as a whole alcohol abuse disrupts the places where we work, our family life, and our spiritual being. The chronic use of alcohol has been an issue for many years and has a great effect on the young adults of today. Alcohol can ignite disruptions in their daily growth as productiveRead MoreIndividual Assessment Cover Sheet / Plagiarism Declaration Form8448 Words   |  34 Pagesmade and that I have obtained written permission from the Deputy Head of School for doing so. INTRODUCTION TO THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY (MHC-602) LEARNING PORTFOLIO- PART 2 -by Karamjeet singh Student ID: 201514195 Submitted to: Dr.Rajka Presbury â€Æ' Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 TOPIC 5 - THE RESTAURANT BUSINESS 6 SYDNEY RESTAURANT 6 TARGET MARKET: 7 LOCATION: 8 THE MENU: 8 ATMOSPHERE 9 SERVICE: 9 INVESTIGATE THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA: 9 RECOMMENDATION: 10 TOPICRead MoreThe Age Of America Should Be 18 Essay1853 Words   |  8 Pagesa social norm. We drink at family parties, sports events, restaurants, etc. Almost anywhere there is alcohol beverages being served. Americans are known for being â€Å"binge drinkers† or a bunch of â€Å"Alcoholics†. This dates all the way back to our founding fathers. Our first president George Washington spent a full 7% of his income while in office on booze. His infamous  farewell party tab  totaled over $15,000 present-day dollars just on alcohol  (Smith 1). John Adams and his family were also big drinkers

Finding Nemo, By Andrew Stanton - 1582 Words

Although psychology class is most likely not the first thing to come to mind when watching a Disney movie, many psychological concepts can be drawn from them. In Andrew Stanton’s 2003 animated film, Finding Nemo, various psychological concepts are exemplified. Finding Nemo tells the story of an overly cautious clownfish named Marlin who losses his son, Nemo, to a pair of divers. He meets a fish named Dory who together seek to find Marlin’s son. Throughout their journey they encounter a storm of jelly fish, surfing sea-turtles, sharks participating in a â€Å"Fish are Friends, Not Food (Graham, 2003)† support group, and numerous other conflicts. Hidden between the lines of their comic misfortunes, Marlin suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder, many characters fall to acts of conformity, and altruism is a theme that defines the movie. In the film, Marlin suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting m emories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia resulting from a traumatic experience (Myers, 2011). Although it is normal to feel afraid after a traumatic event, those who experience problems for a prolonged period of time may be diagnosed with PTSD. People with this disorder may feel stressed or frightened even when they are free from danger. Usually within three months of the traumatic occurrence symptoms start to develop, however they can sometimes begin years later. To be considered PTSD, theShow MoreRelatedOdyssey vs. Finding Nemo859 Words   |  4 PagesEpics Over the Years The Odyssey, a historical epic, was the first written of its kind. Since then, many stories’ plots have focused on the characteristics that made it an epic, such as Finding Nemo. Although the Odyssey was written many years ago, Finding Nemo’s qualities are along the same lines. Both stories contain characters on a journey in search of something of significance. Monsters threaten the quest home, helpers assist the heroes on their journeys, the heroes are glorified inRead MoreFriendship and Overcoming Adversity1200 Words   |  5 Pages Topic: Friendship and Overcoming Adversity Story: â€Å"Of Mice and Men† by John Steinbeck ( a story about the hardships of two diverse men and their friendship) Literary Text: â€Å"Finding Nemo† by Andrew Stanton Introductory Claim: Of Mice and Men- Both â€Å"Of Mice and Men† and â€Å" Finding Nemo† both display an example of friendship and overcoming adversity within the novel and movie. Body 1: Of Mice and Men- Claim: Steinbeck displays the ideal of friendship and overcoming adversity within his novelRead MoreSearching for the Clownfish1357 Words   |  5 Pages Finding Nemo is the 2003 product creation of Disney and Pixar. Their long lasting relationship yielded Toy Story, A Bug’s Life, and Monsters Inc. Then, they made a long lasting movie, Finding Nemo. The movie won an Academy Award and moved into the hearts of many young children and adults. The director, Andrew Stanton, did a marvelous job with the execution of Nemo. The movie is chalk full of loving little fish that thrill all creatures from the land to every cubic inch of water in the seaRead MoreFinding Nemo : Themes In The Film Finding Demo841 Words   |  4 Pagesout and touch the bottom of a boat. With no fear in mind, Nemo went and touched the boat. Nemo thought he had an easy victory when something happened and changed his life forever. Nemo is the son of a brave dad named Marlin. Marlin suffered a miserable loss of his wife and all their children. Nemo is the only family member Marlin has left so Marlin pledges to keep Nemo safe at all costs. In the film  ¨Finding N emo ¨ the author Andrew Stanton uses good and evil through the journey to criticise how weRead More Letting Your Kids Go Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagessafe to be over protective? In the movie â€Å"Finding Nemo,† an over protective father shelters his child, Nemo, due to a traumatizing experience he encountered when Nemo was just a baby. Being so over protective makes Nemo retaliate against his father. â€Å"Nemo you’re going to get stuck out there and I am going to have to go rescue you, you can’t swim well, now get back here this instant!† (Finding Nemo, 2003). By going against hit father’s word, Nemo is then captured by a fisherman who takes himRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Wall E 908 Words   |  4 PagesWALL-E WALLL-EEEE! Is a movie that inspires us to dream, and puts our imagination to work. The spectacular robot romance takes us to whole other world of animated robots that contribute to earth. The creator of Wall-e is Andrew Stanton. Andrew Stanton creates this movie with a twist of robots running human lives, as humans do nothing but sit. One company that has trash the earth with all its products and trashed it even more with robots that do not work anymore, except for the exception of Wall-eRead MoreMiss Temptation By Kurt Vonnegut Analysis883 Words   |  4 PagesIn a tedtalk, Andrew Stanton said â€Å"We all love stories. Were born for them.† (Stanton 1:45) Which is true, our society’s culture is driven by storytelling. Stanton was the mind behind well known movies like Finding Nemo and WALL-E. He obviously had has time to perfect the art of storytelling. He came up with rules to create a good story. Some of the rules being make me care, 2 + 2, no happy village, vill ain, or love story. And those are just some of the rules used to create a good story.In KurtRead MoreThe Importance of Courage in The Works ofHarper Lee, Andrew Stanton, and E. B. White559 Words   |  2 Pages God gave us this ability to survive and showed us the greatest example of courage through his son, Jesus Christ, who knew what he was doing and saying was going to get him killed, but he did it anyway. Many modern authors such as Harper Lee, Andrew Stanton, and E. B. White illustrate the importance of courage through their famous works. Atticus Finch, a righteous lawyer in Alabama during the 1930s, demonstrates courage throughout Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. Atticus has the moral courageRead MoreFinding Nemo, A Generations Favorite Movie1943 Words   |  8 PagesFinding Nemo, a younger generation’s favorite movie that quickly became close to many children’s hearts. Those hearts included some of our group members and with little disagreement, it was decided that we would concentrate our efforts on this film. But what does a children’s movie have to do with a Communication class, or more precisely a problem solving assignment? When we first watched the film as children, we probably didn’t realizes that there were any problem solving sequences in the filmRead MoreDisney Pixar5510 Words   |  23 Pagesvision of the merger. Pixars brain trust of seven directors and creative executives are also listed as company assets, and the agreement requires that a majority of them agree to join the combined company. Those employees include Finding Nemo director Andrew Stanton; Monsters, Inc. director Pete Docter; The Incredibles director Brad Bird; director/writer Bob Peterson; story artist Brenda Chapman; editor Lee Unkrich; and sound designer Gary Rydstrom (see Exhibit 2). This seems to be a formal

Role of Project Methodologies in Project-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Define what a Methodology is and the role it serves in Project Management. 2.Familiarise yourselves with the various Methodologies in the list below. Choose two Methodologies from this list to Compare and Contrast, analysing the similarities and differences between them both. 3.Finally, identify how your chosen Methodologies and Processes relate to the Project Life Cycle (PLC). Answers: Introduction Project management can be defined as a methodical approach which is used to guide and plan the processes of the project from commencement to achievement. Through project management, a project manager can apply techniques, skills which lead to meet the specific project`s requirements. This report embraces the different methodologies and the role of project methodologies in the management of the project. Project Methodologies Project methodologies can be defined as a guiding process which helps the project manager in planning, starting and implementing the project. Role of methodologies in project management The methodologies play an important role in the management of projects. While doing a project, the project manager should be known about the purpose of the project, its goals, objectives etc. The idea, strategies, and plan must be prepared for the new project, therefore methodology is used for management of projects, as they support in making the decision that the plan and strategy made for the project are fit or not(KATCHEROVSKI, 2012). Through methodologies, the project manager gets focused on the right things in the right ways; as by the help of the methodologies we can focus on the strategies, we are making for the project. Decision making is also an important key in the project by making the right decision we can take our project in the right direction and achieve the objectives; by the support of the methodologies, right decisions can be taken for the projects. Other important roles of methodologies, in the project management, are helps the manager in dealing with the uncertainties(Aston, 2017). Use of methodologies makes easy for the manager of the project to understand each other, stakeholder and team members. It also helps in controlling and monitoring the project. Types of Project Methodologies Project management cannot be done in the absence of project methodologies, there are different types of methods which can be used for the project management accordingly (management projects, IT projects etc.). Some of the project management methodologies are discussed below: CCPM- It stands for Critical Chain Project Management; this method of project management lessens the duration time of activity by 50%, therefore project can be completed early(Cren, 2016). In this method, buffer management is used for controlling the plan and ensuring least errors. Agile- This method can be used for the projects which need extreme speed and flexibility. It is an ultimate methodology for smaller software projects. Waterfall Model- This methodology is generally used for the large scale projects related to software development, in which expectable process and systematic planning are paramount(KATCHEROVSKI, 2012). RAD- This methodology is used for development of software, and the main purpose is to develop more rapid and high-quality Crystal methodology- It is a quite supportive method for contracts which have fixed price. Flaws are used to be detected in the initial phase of the project and there is less probability of occurrence of errors Difference between Agile and Waterfall The difference between the waterfall and agile methodology are discussed below: S.no. Waterfall Agile 1 It is also known as a sequential model(KATCHEROVSKI, 2012). It provides flexibility for changing requirements of the project. 2 Rigidity(changes cannot be made in the project as per requirements) Flexibility (changes can be made in the project as per requirements) 3 Involvement of stakeholders is not emphasized by this methodology, as it is deliberated as an internal process. This methodology lays emphasis on the involvement of stakeholders, such as participation of customers during the project development(Cren, 2016). 4 It is a Project mindset methodology. It is a Product mindset, methodology. Similarity between Agile methodology and Waterfall methodology Similar technical or development building blocks are used by both methodologies, such as- analysis of requirements, designing capability in order to satisfy requirements, capability building, testing of capability and utilization of capability(Aston, 2017). Waterfall Lifecycle Linking project management with waterfall lifecycle: (Source-https://medium.com/synapse-india/waterfall-model-of-software-development-a-sure-fire-practice-for-your-professional-software-needs-4c8997419800) Agile lifecycle Linking project management with agile lifecycle: (Source- https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/linking-project-management-agile-life-cycle-tomas-flores) Conclusion The methodologies provide guidance to the project manager for effective management of the project. There are a number of methodologies for project management, which can be used for different projects as per the requirements. It is important to choose an appropriate methodology for the particular project as it may lead to the occurrence of least errors. References Koivusalo, E. (2015, 11 2). Essentials of Project Management. Retrieved from www.itforbusiness.org: https://www.itforbusiness.org/article/essentials-of-project-management/ Aston, B. (2017, 3 2). 9 Project Management Methodologies Made Simple: The Complete Guide For Project Managers. Retrieved from www.thedigitalprojectmanager.com: https://www.thedigitalprojectmanager.com/project-management-methodologies-made-simple/ Cren, M. L. (2016, 2 25). Top 13 Project Management Methodologies and Styles. Retrieved from www.blog.azendoo.com: https://blog.azendoo.com/top-project-management-methodologies-and-styles/ HARRIN, E. (2014, 5 18). 4 Benefits of using a Project Management Methodology. Retrieved from www.projectmanagers.net: https://www.projectmanagers.net/i/4-benefits-of-using-a-project-management-methodology/ HEAGNEY, J. (2012). Fundamentals of Project Management. AMACOM. KATCHEROVSKI, V. (2012, 8 23). 5 Effective Project Management Methodologies and When to Use Them. Retrieved from www.explore.easyprojects.net: https://explore.easyprojects.net/blog/project-management-methodologies Lester, A. (2013). Project Management, Planning, and Control. Butterworth-Heinemann.

John Cena “You Can’t See Me” free essay sample

â€Å"Yeah boy, yeah,† is Flava Flavs oft-quoted catchphrase, but the one people should be repeating is, â€Å"You cant see me.† This is the famous line of wrestler-turned-rapper John Cena. Hailing from Massachusetts, Cena became a wrestler in 2001 and has been at the top ever since. He is all that and a bag of potato chips in wrestling, but Cena is also da bomb at something else: rap. I bought Cenas CD because it had his entrance music on it. When I finished listening, I explored the rest and was surprised at what I heard. It was a pleasant surprise, as I wasnt expecting his songs to be good. It felt like digging for treasure and finding tons of gold every time I listened to a new song. I like that Cena writes his own lyrics since most rappers just use others lyrics. When you sing your own, it sounds a lot better because it is coming from your heart. We will write a custom essay sample on John Cena â€Å"You Can’t See Me† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I also like that Cena brings in his rapper cousin, Tha Trademarc, to help. Together they make the songs flow nicely. These two are even better than 50 Cent and The Game because they have a bond and sound like one person when they sing. Cena started his rap career in the WWE. On a bus ride, when everyone was into hip-hop, the wrestlers were free styling and having a good time. Cena started to free style, and the creative team heard him and thought this should be his storyline while wrestling. A few years later, Cena wanted to get a CD out there to show that he could rap as well as anyone. I think he did a great job, but there is one problem: the stereotype that athletes are only good at sports. Most of the time that is true, as evidenced by Shaq and his CD, or when Hulk Hogan made a CD which became the stereotype for wrestlers. But you have to try Cenas CD and forget the stereotype. See how amazing this dude can rap. If you like it, give him the respect he deserves and walk up to any opposing rapper and say, â€Å"You cant see me.†

Bridget Jones Diary

Bridget Jones Diary After reading the book report requirements for our latest book that we were to have read, I immediately thought of just plain writing about my book, in stead of drawing or coloring, or trying to act out a scene from the book I chose to simply write about it. Boring? Probably to most kids (excpecially In my 7th period class) but to me it's the best way to communicate how I feel. This book was one of my favorite books because of how well it is written, Its difficult nowadays to find a writer that can write a WHOLE book about one main character and really continue focus on this character, with the Bridget Jones Diary, Bridget is a struggling 30 year old female with a good job, and a somewhat bad love life. You feel like Bridget is a more of a close and personally friend than a character in a book.Bridget Jones's DiaryI found myself trying to silently tell Bridget what to do when she had a problem, or to tell her what I thought of the guy she was seeing. To me that was probably the best part of the book, the fact that you really started to look out for Bridget and save her from trouble. Which seemed to come no matter what she was doing. Whether it be her somewhat extravagant mother, her shy and reserved father,or her annoyingly "perfect" ex boyfriend, Bridget kept the same sarcastic and hilarious humor throughout the whole book. It's that humor I believe that attracted so many people to the book, and made it number one on the New York times bestseller list. People living in the 21st century like Real. They like things that are raw and totally honest. Bridget is both of those things. She is...

Nora and Helmer Essay Example

Nora and Helmer Essay Example Nora and Helmer Essay Nora and Helmer Essay The relationship between Helmer and Nora strikes modern readers as intolerable.   Helmer assumes a position of superiority in the marriage which takes for granted his wife’s role as decorative accompaniment to the man of action and achievement.   At the end of the play Nora declares that she is not just a wife and mother. â€Å"I believe that before all else I am a human being, just as you are† (77).   Until the events of the play Nora has accepted her role as flighty, unserious, trivial, â€Å"charming† consort, though Ibsen shows from very early on that this is not the whole truth about her.   Her actions have been motivated largely by a desire to protect her husband from the consequences of his own arrogant folly.   It is a moment of great irony when Helmer says â€Å"I’ve forgiven you† (73), since her actions have been entirely self-sacrificing, and designed to save him, physically and mentally.   In her enlightened state she finds i t impossible to forgive him. Helmer’s attitudes are partly characteristic of his time, but it is clear that he has personal weaknesses that make his behavior more infuriating.   He calls Nora his â€Å"little lark† (3), â€Å"my little squirrel† (4) and other such patronizing endearments.   He also sees her as considerably less than a mature adult in her handling of the world.   She is â€Å"my little spendthrift† and â€Å"my little featherbrain† (4).   Money â€Å"just slips through your fingers† (6), though he is of course unaware of why she needs money.   His fussy attitude to debt, which he declares as a sort of gospel law to her, is the cause of the whole Krogstad crisis.   She can never tell him where the money came from – the money that saved his life – because â€Å"it would hurt his self-respect–wound his pride†¦ Our whole marriage would be wrecked by it† (16).   His pompous arrogance and priggishness force Nora to spin an elaborate fabric of concealment, and lead eventually to her realization of the truth.   Similarly his declaration that â€Å"Almost all cases of early delinquency can be traced to dishonest mothers† (32) terrifies her, but also reveals the central contempt he has for women generally, and therefore, though he would not admit it, for Nora herself.   Her only device to influence him seems to be her acceptance of the demeaning role he has designed for her.   If he will agree to reinstate Krogstad â€Å"Your squirrel would skip about and play all sorts of pretty tricks† (40).   He will not do it because he fears people would laugh at him for being influenced by his wife.   He is â€Å"entirely unimpeachable† (41) in contrast to her father, and anyway, Krogstad would address him by his Christian name, at which Nora’s mask comes off inadvertently and she says â€Å"But–it’s all so petty† (41), a disastrous thing to say to so egocentric a man. His behavior in Act 3 reveals all the truth of his deepest assumptions about her and their relationship.   When she tells him he is always right she is â€Å"my sweet, sensible little lark† (65).   His conception of their marriage is that she is a property: â€Å"Why shouldn’t I look at my own dearest treasure? – at all this loveliness that is mine† (65).   His passion for his â€Å"young bride† (66) is misplaced, as he disregards her mood.   How can she not want him at the moment, â€Å"Aren’t I your husband –?† (66)?   All the assumptions of power are in his words, and a disregard for her human individuality.   His romantic dream of saving her from danger seems stupid in the circumstances, and leads to his horrific change of tone when he reads Krogstad’s letter.   Now she is â€Å"a hypocrite, a liar† (71).   She has inherited her father’s lack of principle.   He urges her, with supreme i rony, to â€Å"stop all this play-acting† (71).   She will no longer be allowed to bring up the children, though the pretence of normal married life will be maintained for the sake of appearances.   Then his response to the second letter is sickening:   â€Å"Nora, I’m saved! I’m saved!† (72), his thoughts concentrated, as they always have been in fact, entirely on himself.   Then he can go back to the role of protecting knight, he thinks. â€Å"There’s something very endearing about a woman’s helplessness† (73).   But by now Nora has seen the truth, and the cataclysmic but liberating end is in sight. Nora has accepted her position without serious question until this final crisis, again as a result of social convention.   The marriage relationship has required her to be a child, and that is what she has done.   She never rebels at Helmer’s patronizing descriptions of her, choosing to see them only as affectionate, and indeed living her life in an immature fashion.   She is always laughing gaily, childishly eating macaroons and sweets in secret: â€Å"(Wags a threatening finger at her): Has my little sweet-tooth been breaking rules today?† (7). She is happy to let him think that her desire for money is a result of her irresponsibility.   â€Å"Oh! How lovely it all is† (8), she cries of her life in general.   With Mrs Linde she is terribly insensitive in the way children are.   She tells this aging, childless widow that â€Å"I want you to tell me all about yourself† but immediately goes on to burst out naively that with Helmer’s new j ob, â€Å"I’m so happy and excited! Won’t it be wonderful to have lots and lots of money, and nothing to worry about† (10).   But when Mrs Linde says â€Å"You’re just a child, Nora† (13), it begins to become clear that there is far more to her.   The money was borrowed to save Helmer’s life, and indeed all the ramifications of her actions stem from the necessity to prevent him from knowing how she got the money, to protect his foolish male arrogance, in fact.   Money can be raised by a wife in this patriarchal world â€Å"if a wife has a good head on her shoulders† (15), and this is exactly what she has.   Now we can see why she asks him for money, though she does not disturb his conception of her as irresponsible.   Her whole life is play-acting, but the role she plays is the one designed for her by him, and by the society for which he speaks, and so deeply ingrained that she is largely unaware of it herself. The rebellion is not yet here though.   She plays happily with the children, characteristically taking on the role of a child herself.   Everything will be all right because â€Å"after all – I only did it for love’s sake† (30) and to please Torvald.   She takes his warning about the corrupting effect of the mother seriously and plans to leave her children, seeing herself alone as guilty.   She continues to play the â€Å"squirrel†, only once laughing at his pettiness, where surely her genuine intelligence comes to the surface.   She will sacrifice herself, even, to save Helmer’s â€Å"honor†, and dances for him, desperately clinging to the myth that â€Å"we’re having such fun† (56).   Mrs Linde urges her to â€Å"tell your husband everything† (63), but Nora knows him well enough to realize that this is not an available option.   Her hope is that â€Å"the wonderful thing† (57) will happen, that Helm er will indeed act as the all-wise protector he has always claimed to be, but even as she says this she is calculating how many hours she has left to live.   She is always too intelligent to believe her own fantasies. Only she can understand Rank’s tragic plight, and her â€Å"Sleep well, Doctor Rank† (69) is moving and compassionate.   Then comes the crisis of the letter and all her buried intelligence comes to the surface and her life is transformed from fantasy to reality.   She is quiet through all his attacks and then â€Å"forgiveness† because â€Å"I think I’m beginning to understand for the first time† (71).   They have never had â€Å"a serious talk† (75) before, and his failure to understand what she means is a measure of the gap between them.   With calm fluency she tells him the complete, unflinching truth as it now appears to her intelligence.   â€Å"You never loved me.   You just thought it was fun to be in love with me† (75).   Movement from her father’s house to her husband’s was simply replacing one nursery with another.   She was never happy, â€Å"only merry† (76), a quite different thing.   Now she must start her education in the world.   He can make nothing of her words, perhaps because they challenge so radically everything he assumes to be true, and he is the most conventional of men, who married, it now emerges, the most original of women. He says she is ill, but in fact â€Å"I’ve never felt so sure – so clear headed – as I do tonight† (78).   She cannot spend the night in a strange man’s house, and the heavy front door slams behind her. It is hardly surprising that A Doll’s House caused a commotion when first performed in 1880.   It still has a power to shock as well as to move audiences.   The view of marriage it contains undoubtedly helped to change the world, and the profound understanding of Nora’s experience provoked thought and reflection in all who saw it.   It is one of the documents of the modern world.

Critical analysis of Role of Regional Trade Agreements for the Essay

Critical analysis of Role of Regional Trade Agreements for the Developments of its Member Countries - Essay Example The World Bank also cautions that RTAs improve economic development in one country and negatively impact economic development in another member.3 Therefore RTAs can facilitate uneven development among the member states. This will occur when RTAs divert trade from some member states and divert trade to others.4 This research paper provides a critical analysis of the role that RTAs play in the developments of its member states. A definition of RTA and its historical developments are examined first. The role of RTAs in member state development will be examined in greater detail with specific reference to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and African Regional Trade Agreements and the role that these RTAs play in the development of their respective states. Contents Abstract 2 Contents 3 Introduction 4 I.Definition and Overview of RTAs 5 A.Definition 5 B.Overview of RTAs 7 II.Development of GCC States 14 III.African RTAs 19 Analysis/Conclusion 25 Bibliography 27 Introduction There are ess entially two opposing views relative to the role that RTAs play in its members’ development. ... two decades RTAs have emerged as the â€Å"defining features of the modern economy† and is largely seen as a significant influence relative to globalization.6 By the year end 2005, the World Trade Organization (WTO) had received notification of at least 250 RTAs.7 Since 1995, the WTO has received at least 15 RTA notifications each year as opposed to just 3 RTA notifications annually prior to 1995.8 The proliferation in RTAs therefore suggest that the countries engaging in regionalism have a positive vision of what RTAs can bring them in terms of development. This paper examines the perceived developmental benefits of RTAs and critically evaluates whether these perceptions are realistic. I. Definition and Overview of RTAs In order to effectively analyze the role that RTAs play in the development of its member states, a definition and an overview of the nature and development of RTAs are necessary. It is necessary to understand what RTAs are, how they function and what motivates the formation of RTAs. With this understanding of RTAs, their role in the development of member states can be examined. In other words, development will depend entirely on the developmental objective behind the formation of a RTA. For example if a RTA is formed in order to improve and develop the member states’ economy, the role of the RTA in that regard will have to be examined. If a RTA is formed for the purpose of harmonizing regional economic and security cohesion, the role of that RTA on development by member states will have to be examined. A. Definition In simple terms a RTA is defined as an agreement among â€Å"neighbouring states† in which tariffs and other trade restrictions are reduced or removed.9 RTAs are also defined as: †¦actions by governments to liberalise or facilitate trade